Arduino 101 - Lesson 2

First lets recap what we have done so far

Downloaded the software and installed it.

Connected the Arduino and determined the COM port - Note when Tom tried this on his laptop the device manager didn't display any Ports until he connected the Arduino.

Configured the Arduino software for your Arduino - Port and Model

Loaded a Sketch (the arduino term for a program) into the software and uploaded it to your arduino.

Lesson 2 - Playing with LED's

Connect the arduino

We will start with the Blink Sketch

So if you have loaded the Blink sketch, open the Arduino software

Go to File > Examples > 01 Basics > Blink

If you have already opened the blink sketch last it will open that.



Click on the Verify button data:image/png;base64,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

The arduino software should verify the sketch (and hopefully have no errors)

Then click the upload button data:image/png;base64,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

This will upload the blink sketch, the TX & RX LEDs will flash - these are the Transmit TX, and Receive RX LEDs which indicate the sketch is being transferred. If everything went OK the L LED should flash on for 1 second then off for one second.

OK so what happened

The first part of the sketch is the description

/*
Blink
Turns on an LED on for one second, then off for one second, repeatedly.

Most Arduinos have an on-board LED you can control. On the UNO, MEGA and ZERO
it is attached to digital pin 13, on MKR1000 on pin 6. LED_BUILTIN is set to
the correct LED pin independent of which board is used.
If you want to know what pin the on-board LED is connected to on your Arduino model, check
the Technical Specs of your board at https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products

This example code is in the public domain.

modified 8 May 2014
by Scott Fitzgerald

modified 2 Sep 2016
by Arturo Guadalupi

modified 8 Sep 2016
by Colby Newman
*/

the /* denotes the start of a comment section and the */ denotes the end. Anything between them has no effect on the sketch, but is there to help in the future, and describe what the sketch is for.

In more complicated sketches, you would normally have variable defined, but this is a very simple sketch.

All sketches have two main sections

Setup

// the setup function runs once when you press reset or power the board
void setup() {

Loop

// the loop function runs over and over again forever
void loop() {

The { bracket marks the start of the section, and the } marks the end of a section.

Setup

// the setup function runs once when you press reset or power the board
void setup() {
// initialize digital pin LED_BUILTIN as an output.
pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);
}

Loop

// the loop function runs over and over again forever
void loop() {
digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH); // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)
delay(1000); // wait for a second
digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW); // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW
delay(1000); // wait for a second
}

Now time to play

Change the values in the delay from 1000 to 250

Click on verify, then click on upload.

What happens .......

Have a play and try different values in the delay

Paul

 

Not a problem Ron, I'm in for a hectic couple of weeks at work, so there will be couple of more LED examples, then wait for everyone to catch up.

Paul

 

Part 2

Now lets move the from using the onboard LED to an external one.



Using the bread board

Connect a wire from the GND connection of the Arduino to the -ve rail of the bread board.
Connect a wire from pin D11 to the first column of the breadboard
Insert an Led into column 1 & 2 - the long lead (anode) into column 1 and the cathode into column 2
Connect a 1K resistor to the Ground (-ve rail).

Make the following changes to the Blink sketch replace LED_Builtin with 11

/*
LED Blink

Lesson 2 use an external LED

*/

// the setup function runs once when you press reset or power the board
void setup() {
// initialize digital pin LED_BUILTIN as an output.
pinMode(11, OUTPUT);
}

// the loop function runs over and over again forever
void loop() {
digitalWrite(11, HIGH); // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)
delay(1000); // wait for a second
digitalWrite(11, LOW); // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW
delay(1000); // wait for a second
}

Verify and upload the sketch

Paul

 

well as you're grasping it - here's a set of crossing lights



Add a second LED connected to pin D12 and resitor etc.

then change the sketch to add the extra lines for Pin 12 shown in bold

=====================================================

/*
LED Blink
Lesson 2 b two flashing LEDs

*/

// the setup function runs once when you press reset or power the board
void setup() {
// initialize digital pin LED_BUILTIN as an output.
pinMode(11, OUTPUT);
pinMode(12, OUTPUT);
}

// the loop function runs over and over again forever
void loop() {
digitalWrite(11, HIGH); // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)
digitalWrite(12, LOW);
delay(1000); // wait for a second
digitalWrite(11, LOW); // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW
digitalWrite(12, HIGH);
delay(1000); // wait for a second
}

============================================================

Play with the delay settings and see what you think.

Paul